The bypass strains maintain natural circulation of coolant at emergency shutdown of a important circulating pump. 40-forty three water supply strains are branched off each distribution header. Steam is conveyed from each separator to the turbines over two steam strains. Each unit comprises two K-750-65/3000 turbines with 800 MW generators. The thermal energy output of 1 unit is 4800 MW, the electrical power capacity is 1500 MW. The split graphite rings within the channels present thermal contact with the graphite bricks of the stack. The reactor power release and its distribution are controlled by 211 carbide boron rods positioned within the management channels and moved by individual servomotors mounted on the top of the management cannels. The system offers begin-up, automated upkeep of energy at the set level, permits control of vitality distribution alongside the radius and heightwise of the core, compensates for gas burn-up, gives safety of the reactor under emergency conditions. Because of the encouraging results within the 2nd and third exams, I made two additional test pictures to determine if the metering system was truly in a position to reply through the temporary flash duration of these digital flashes.



































The test goal consisted of newspaper pages taped to the wall, shield control cable and two fairly massive (relative to the goal as an entire) multi-shade two-dimensional objects organized off-heart. The unit with one reactor comprises two 750 MW turbines. Eeach producing unit is provided with a fuel handling system and unit control room. The unit did not shield the drive in any respect, placing the r/w head and associated analog amplifier and signal conditioning circuitry inches away from a high voltage CRT and in addition the switching energy supply. The biological shield is fabricated from carbon steel, serpentine crushed stone and gravel, concrete, sand, water. On prime the graphite stack is spanned over by an upper steel construction resting on the annular water tank of the biological shield. The three-part 50 Hz generators with hydrogen and water cooling are connected to the out of doors substation. On the upstream finish, every distribution header is supplied with a stop gate, a check valve and a mixer for water coming from the reactor emergency cooling system. The turbine room, waste gas purification and water conditioning rooms are frequent for all of the units. On the other hand, by putting all the FCS in ROM, there was no have to waste precious disk house on each floppy to carry it.



































The system monitoring tightness of the fuel assembly claddings consists of scintillation gamma-spectrometer sensors, equipment, to make sure operation and movement of sensors in the intertube area of the steam lines, and services for processing and output of information. The data logging system is configured in a three-degree hierarchy using computer systems SM-1M and SM-2M and interface services. The system monitoring the temperature of the reactor equipment comprises primarily heat-resistant cable heat-electric transducers. The Ignalina nuclear energy plant comprises RBMK-1500 water-cooled graphite-moderated channel-kind energy reactors. The Ignalina nuclear energy plant, like all stations with RBMK reactors, has a direct cycle configuration - saturated steam formed in the reactor proper by passing the light water via the reactor core is fed to the turbine at a strain of 6,5 MPa. The condensate of the steam spent in the turbines is conditioned in the ion-exchangers, heated in the heat exchangers of the regenerative heating system, deaerated and on passing through strainers is fed back by the electric feedwater pumps over feed pipelines to the separators of the circulating circuit.



































Each loop results heat removing from half the reactor. Removal of irradiated fuel elements, their dealing with and cost of contemporary components are performed on load by the use of a refuelling machine mounted within the central room. The vertical graphite stack columns include gas channels and control rod channels. Provision is made to replace the gasoline channels and management rod channels on the shut-down and cooled reactor. The gasoline channels are tubes whose decrease and upper portions are fabricated from corrosion-resistant steel, while the central part is made from Zircalloy. Light water coolant is fed into the lower end of the fuel channels. The circulating circuit of the reactor is a system composed of gas channels, steam/water and water traces, steam separators, fundamental circulation pumps, strain, suction and distribution headers with related piping. To stop graphite oxidation and to improve heat transfer from graphite to gas channels, the reactor space is stuffed with a helium-nitrogen mixture. The main structural element of the reactor, a graphite stack with gasoline channels, absorber-rods and surrounding metallic structures, is housed in a concrete vault. The graphite stack is carried by a welded steel construction resting on a concrete basis. A welded shell enclosing the graphite stack, as properly because the higher and backside steel structures form a sealed reactor space.